Could be the same situation that I had once when the repository didn’t refresh correctly and didn’t show updated packages, and I just had to refresh the repository config by running the install script again to configure the repositories. Steps here: Gitlab-ce Update Failing on bullseye - #2 by iwalker
Upgrade resources, info etc from this post: GitLab Upgrade Path Resources upgrade path tool will help you with the versions you need to upgrade to before getting to the latest version. Remember to ensure background migrations finish before starting next upgrade on the upgrade path.