I have solved the pb by following the solution proposed in Getting 500 Internal error on /admin/application_settings after Gitlab upgrade [11.5.2->11.6.2] (#56403) · Issues · GitLab.org / GitLab FOSS · GitLab
Basically, launch a console
gitlab-rails c
Then in that console
settings = ApplicationSetting.last
settings.update_column(:runners_registration_token_encrypted, nil)
After leaving the console, restart your gitlab
gitlab-ctl restart